The Elements of Freedom of Expression in the Light of the European Convention on Human Rights

Abstract

Freedom of expression is composed of certain connective elements that are inseparable from each other. If any one of the fundamental elements that by itself has no value and meaning is missing or if it is materially limited, it may negatively impact the whole of freedom of expression. Furthermore, freedom of expression is the foundation of other freedoms. Freedom of expression consists of three components. These components cannot be thought of separately from each other. The initial steps of the first component require the freedom to examine, research, learn and obtain information for an individual to establish an opinion. The second component of freedom of expression is the freedom of opinion, which is the pure thought step where choices with respect to formed, obtained but not yet stated thoughts, opinions and beliefs are established. The basis of this notion relies on an individual being able to be forming an opinion without an enforcement to state it. The third and the final component is the declaration and dissemination of thought and opinion via all means of expression to the world. If an individual’s ability to declare and defend his/her ideas in infringed, it is not possible to talk about the existence of freedom of expression. Consequently, all three of these steps are crucial to maintain the foundation of freedom of expression.